Georgia’s Kulevi Refinery Replaces Russian Crude With Kazakh, Libyan Oil

Georgia’s only oil refinery has begun replacing Russian crude with supplies from Kazakhstan and Libya as owner Black Sea Petroleum races to avoid European Union sanctions that will go into effect in January. The Kulevi refinery received and processed Kazakh crude in July and will continue taking Kazakh barrels during August, Black Sea Petroleum said Monday, as reported by Interfax news agency. A Libyan cargo is due to arrive between August 20 and August 30 under a supply agreement signed with an unnamed international company on July 3. The…

Refining & Products Context

Downstream margins — or crack spreads — have experienced considerable volatility as refinery operators navigate feedstock cost fluctuations, product demand seasonality, and evolving fuel specifications. Gasoline and distillate margins serve as key profitability levers for integrated refiners.

Refinery utilization rates, particularly in the U.S. Gulf Coast and Northwest European hubs, directly influence product availability and pricing. Unplanned outages, scheduled turnarounds, and weather-related disruptions are recurring factors that tighten regional product supply.

What to Watch

Key metrics to watch include refinery utilization rates, weekly distillate inventory builds or draws, and crack spread movements, which serve as real-time indicators of refining profitability across major processing hubs.