Aviation is often treated as one of oil's safest remaining markets. In 2026 that still looks like a reasonable assumption. Airlines are expected to consume around 104 billion gallons of fuel this year, sustainable aviation fuel remains below 1% of total use, and virtually every commercial passenger aircraft in service still depends on liquid hydrocarbons. But that view risks making the same mistake the oil industry made with cars: looking at the installed fleet rather than at the technology competing for the next route.
On July 30, Archer's all-electric…
Refining & Products Context
Downstream margins — or crack spreads — have experienced considerable volatility as refinery operators navigate feedstock cost fluctuations, product demand seasonality, and evolving fuel specifications. Gasoline and distillate margins serve as key profitability levers for integrated refiners.
Refinery utilization rates, particularly in the U.S. Gulf Coast and Northwest European hubs, directly influence product availability and pricing. Unplanned outages, scheduled turnarounds, and weather-related disruptions are recurring factors that tighten regional product supply.
What to Watch
Key metrics to watch include refinery utilization rates, weekly distillate inventory builds or draws, and crack spread movements, which serve as real-time indicators of refining profitability across major processing hubs.
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